General-purpose architectures are divided into the following three groups:

  • memory-memory, register-memory, and load-store.

_________ is the process whereby devices connected to a bus autonomously determine which of the devices shall have control over the bus:

  • distributed arbitration using self-selection

The register that holds the address of the data to be transferred is called the __

  • memory address register

If the opcode field for an instruction has n bits, that means there are _______ potential distinct operations.

  • 2^n

A “subtract” statement is an example of a(n) _ instruction.

  • arithmetic

What is the maximum value of the cycle counter when the following sequence of microoperations is executed?

MAR ← X, MBR ← AC
M[MAR] ← MBR
  • 1

Suppose a system has a byte-addressable memory size of 256MB. How many bits are required for each address?

  • 28

Which MARIE instruction is being carried out by the RTN that follows?

MAR ← X  
MBR ← M[MAR]  
MAR ← MBR  
MBR ← ACM  
[MAR] ← MBR
  • StoreI X

Which MARIE instruction is being carried out by the RTN statement that follows?
PC ← X

  • Jump X

A computer bus consists of data lines, __________, control lines, and power lines.

  • address lines

Accumulator architectures store one operand on the stack and the other in the accumulator.

  • False

If a system’s instruction set consists of a 5-bit opcode, what is the maximum number of output signal lines required for the control unit?

  • 32

Which of the following is placed into the symbol table during the first pass?

  • labels

Suppose a system has a byte-addressable memory size of 4GB. How many bits are required for each address?

  • 32

Consider the postfix expression: A-B+C**(D**E-F)/(G+H*K). The equivalent postfix (reverse Polish notation) expression is:

  • AB-CDEF-+GHK*+/.

If, after fetching a value from memory, we discover that the system has returned only half of the bits that we expected; it is likely that we have a problem with: 如果在从内存中获取一个值之后，我们发现系统只返回了我们预期一半的位数，那么很可能是存在

  • byte alignment. 字节对齐问题

General-purpose register architectures are the most widely accepted models for computers today. 通用寄存器架构是当今计算机最广泛接受的模型

  • True

Fixed-length instructions always have the same number of operands 定长指令总是具有相同数量的操作数

  • False

Instruction sets are differentiated by which feature? 指令集通过以下哪个特征进行区分？

  • Operand storage Number of operands Operand location Operations

The best architecture for evaluating postfix notation is the stack-based architecture 评估后缀表示法的最佳架构是基于堆栈的架构

  • True

Variable-length instructions are easier to decode than fixed-length instructions. 可变长指令比定长指令更容易解码。

  • False

A fixed-length instruction must have fixed-length opcodes. 定长指令必须具有定长的操作码

  • False

The ________ of a machine specifies the instructions that the computer can perform and the format for each instruction. 机器的____指定了计算机可以执行的指令以及每条指令的格式。

  • instruction set architecture

The _______ connects the CPU to memory.

  • system bus

Suppose that a system uses 16-bit memory words and its memory is built from 32 1M × 8 RAM chips. How many address bits are required to uniquely identify each memory word?

  • 24

Suppose a computer’s control unit consists of a 4-bit counter and a 4 × 16 decoder. What is the maximum number of clock cycles that can be consumed by any instruction? 假设一台计算机的控制单元由一个4位计数器和一个4×16的解码器组成。任何指令最多可以消耗的时钟周期数是多少？

  • 16

Consider the infix expression: 16/(5+3). The equivalent postfix (reverse Polish notation) expression is:

  • 16 5 3 + /

Clock skew is a problem for: 时钟偏斜是以下哪种总线的问题

  • synchronous buses.同步总线

A Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW) is an architectural characteristic in which each instruction can specify multiple scalar operations. 超长指令字（VLIW）是一种体系结构特性，其中每条指令可以指定多个标量操作

  • True

Memory organization has no effect on instruction format 存储器组织对指令格式没有影响

  • False

The three basic ISA architectures for internal storage in the CPU are:

  • stack, accumulator, and general-purpose registers.

Suppose we have a 4096 byte byte-addressable memory that is 64-way high-order interleaved, what is the size of the memory address module offset field?

  • 10 bits

In order to pass parameters to subprograms, a(n) ___ must be implemented to support the ISA. 为了向子程序传递参数，必须实现一个（n）___ 来支持ISA

  • stack

Big endian computers store a two-byte integer with the least significant byte at the lower address. 大端模式计算机将双字节整数的最低有效字节存储在较低的地址

  • False

A stack-organized computer uses ___ addressing. 堆栈式计算机使用___寻址

  • zero-address

A “jump” statement is an example of a(n) ____________ instruction.

  • transfer of control 控制传输

Assembly language:

  • uses alphabetic (mnemonic) codes in place of binary strings. 使用字母（助记符）代码代替二进制字符串。